Session Managers: Linda Stalker, CSIRO, Sho Hirose, JAPEX, Teddy Eka Putra, PT Pertamina, Mohamad Zaini Md Noor, PETRONAS

Carbon storage is a crucial technology for mitigating global warming. According to the IEA, by 2050, the annual capacity for carbon capture and storage (CCS) needed to achieve the 2-degree scenario is expected to be about 7 Gt, nearly 30 times larger than current capacity. There is a significant gap between current and required CCS capacities. This technical session will focus on advanced technologies and innovative ideas that can accelerate the development of CO2 storage capacity.

The session will cover a range of topics, including:

• Evaluation of CO2 storage capacity and injectivity
• Risk assessment of faults, caprock, and wells
• New technologies to increase CO2 storage capacity
• Best practices and new technologies for monitoring
• New technologies and methodologies to unlock potential CO2 storage sites

Session Managers: Feng Gui, Baker Hughes; Mojtaba Seyyedi, Global CCS Institute; Kazuhito Oseto, MITSUI & CO; Grace Stephani Titaley, PT Pertamina Hulu Energi

CO2 utilisation technologies, such as CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), the conversion of CO2 into chemicals, mineral carbonation, and the direct use of CO2, represent a critical focus area for low-carbon solutions. However, these technologies face several challenges, including economic, commercial and technical. Additionally, geographical and regulatory issues may affect implementation to certain countries. For instance, CO2 EOR has been a proven technology used in the industry for over three decades; however, it is not recognised as an effective utilisation method in some regions. Furthermore, certain carbon conversion techniques remain classified as having an immature technical readiness level, with some processes generating additional CO2 during plant operations.

This session will highlight best practices and new technologies aimed at overcoming these challenges, featuring case studies with a particular focus on unique initiatives from the Asia-Pacific region.

Session Managers: Yosuke Sano, INPEX; Kikuko Shinchi, Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.; Debby Halinda Utaminingdiah, PT Pertamina (Persero); Stephen Stokes, Wood Plc

Components in the CO2 chain may include facilities for point source CO2 capture, liquefaction, and injection and storage; however, the primary focus will be on facilities for inland and sea transportation, including export and import terminals (with storage tanks) and CO2 tankers.

Cross-border CO2 transport is essential for establishing a global CCS value chain and must adhere to international and bilateral agreements. Considerations include international treaties such as the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the London Convention and Protocol, which govern the disposal of CO2 in oceans. Additionally, international guidelines for accounting for CO2 in CCS activities, including cross-border transport, such as the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, require careful consideration to ensure accurate reporting and compliance. Insights from examples of cross-border CO2 transport arrangements in European countries and initial discussions underway in the Asian region will be included.

This session will explore both technical and regulatory issues related to CO2 transportation, particularly regarding the cross-national transfer of CO2 by ships. It will provide a comprehensive review of all components in the CO2 supply chain, starting from point source CO2 emissions (such as those from power plants, steel manufacturing, and chemical plants) to sequestration and CO2 utilisation sites. Key areas of focus will include the current status of technology maturity, progress of demonstration projects, and the identification of challenges affecting both technical and commercial feasibility. The session will facilitate discussions on alternative or complementary transportation options, such as pipelines, roads, and rail.